Ukugcina kwe-CNC Amashini Okusebenza Emshinini
Kodwa abantu bafunda okokuqala ukuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa kwe-CNC, bahlukumeza izibhambo ezincane noma izilayili eziphelele. Umqondo wokwenzeka kuyisiphephelo esikhulu kakhulu. Izimboni zokusebenzisa kwe-CNC zezimboni zokuphatha izinto zasezindaweni zazizigcino sokuziphatha izinto zasezindaweni, ziyakwakha izindlela ezihlukahlukene kusukela kwezinkampani ezikhulu zokusebenza kuma-engine yini kuya kwezinto zokusebenza kwezintloko zokusebenza kwezintloko. Le teknoloji yayithuluzela ngokushesha izimitshe zokusebenza kwezindaweni zokusebenza kwezindaweni. Isimo sokuqala sokusebenza kwezimboni zokuphatha izinto zasezindaweni singakwakha izindlela zokusebenza kwezimboni, izindlela zokusebenza kwezintloko zokusebenza kwezintloko, nokuthenga izindlela zokusebenza kwezintloko zokusebenza kwezintloko, zonke ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso samandla. Le vutha elikhulu liyavuka kumthetho omuhle: uma isimo singakwakha ngokusebenzisa kwe-digital, futhi uma isikhombisa sokuphatha isikhombisa singakwakha isimo, le siyakwakha ngokuphatha. Ukuthanda kakhulu akukho kubalulekile kakhulu kumsebenzi wokuphatha isimo, kodwa kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi izindawo zokusebenza ziyasebenzisa le mosebenzi yini ukuziphatha izinkinga zokusebenza zokusebenza kwezindaweni.
Ukuthembeka kwe-Aerospace
Uma ungena kunoma iliphi isitolo semishini yezindiza uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi banamathemba amangaki. Amabhokisi amakhulu e-aluminium alloy, ngezinye izikhathi anesisindo esingamathani amaningana, afakwa emishinini yokugaya enezinhlangothi ezinhlanu. Phakathi namahora noma ngisho nezinsuku, lezi zingqimba ziguqulwa zibe izimbambo zamaphiko, izakhiwo zomzimba nezinqola. Umqondo oyinhloko lapha uwukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, esikhundleni sezingxenye eziningi zensimbi ezihlanganiswe ndawonye zibe yingxenye eyodwa eqinile eqoshwe nge-billet. Inzuzo iyinkulu. Yonke imbobo ye-rivet esuswayo iwukugwema ukuqhuma okungenzeka kubangelwe ukukhathala. Ukudonsa zonke izinsimbi ezishaywayo kwenza indiza ibe lula futhi kube lula ukuyibutha. Nokho, le nselele iyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela esabisayo. Lezi zingxenye zidinga ukugaya okujulile ngamathuluzi okufinyelela kude angakhotha uma umshini ungenakho ukuqina okuphelele. Izingxenye ezincane ezisezindongeni, ngezinye izikhathi ezincane kunamamilimitha ambalwa, kumelwe zenziwe ngomshini ngaphandle kokugqagqana. Ukulethwa kwe-coolant ngokusebenzisa i-spindle kuba okuyisibopho sokukhipha ama-chips emgodini ojulile. Umhleli wezinhlelo wake wayichaza le nqubo ngokuthi ukuhlobisa okuphambene, uqala ngebhulokhi elinesisindo esingamakhulu ambalwa amakhilogremu bese ususa ingxenye enkulu yalo kuze kusale isakhiwo kuphela. Umshini kumelwe ugcine ukunemba kokuma kuwo wonke umsebenzi wawo, ngoba ukushisa okuhamba kancane e-Y axis phakathi nomjikelezo wamahora amaningi kuholela ngqo engxenyeni elahliwe ebiza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.
Ukuphatha Isibonelo Sokuthinteka Kwemithombo Yezindawo Zokusebenza Kwemithombo Yomdlalo
Uma ezokuvakasha zifuna isilinganiso nobuqotho besakhiwo, umkhakha wezokwelapha ufuna ukuhambisana kwezinto eziphilayo nokucacisa okuncane kolunye uhlangothi. Izakhi zokwakha umzimba ezifana namalunga edolo, izinti zamathanga, namakhekhe omgogodla zenziwa nge-cobalt chrome alloys, i-titanium esezingeni lezokwelapha, ne-polyethylene enesisindo esiphakeme kakhulu. Lezi zinto kunzima ukuzisika. Umsebenzi we-titanium uyaqina uma uwubheka kabi, njengoba umenzi wamathuluzi othile wasendulo ayevame ukusho, okusho ukuthi ukuhlala isikhashana emgqeni wethuluzi kungenza ngokushesha ukuba ubuso buqine futhi kubhubhise onqenqemeni lokusika. Izidingo zokugcwalisa indawo nazo azinalo uzwela. Umzimba onamafutha angase udinge ukwakheka okuqinile endaweni ekhula amathambo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamathambo, kuyilapho indawo yokuthwala ehlanganisiwe kufanele iphuculwe ibe nesiphetho esibukeka njengesibuko esilinganiswa ngamananometer. Umshini ofanayo wokugaya owenza ukwakheka kwe - implant nawo wenza lezi zinqubo ezibucayi zokuqeda. Ngaphandle kokufakelwa izimila, kwenziwa nezinye izinto zokuhlinza ezinjengezinqamu, ama-reamers, neziqondiso zokusika emishini emincane, esheshayo. Ukulandeleka kwemikhondo kuqinisekile lapha. Ingxenye ngayinye inenombolo eyingqayizivele yochungechunge, imakwe nge-laser futhi ixhumeke emshinini othile, iqoqo lamathuluzi, ngisho nakumphathi owenza umsebenzi. Leli zinga lokuziphendulela lifuna ukuthi ipulatifomu yokugaya ngokwayo izinzile ngokwemethrology, ngokuziphatha okushisayo okubikezelwe okubhalwe phansi futhi kunxeshezelwe ngohlelo lokulawula.
Isiphambano Sombuso Wemithambo Yenkulungwane
Uma sisuka egumbini lokuhlinza siye esakhiweni sokukhiqiza, sithola ukuthi ukugaya nge-CNC kudlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo, nakuba ingakhangi kangako. Imishini esindayo, imishini yokwakha, nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza ugesi zithembele ezakhiweni ezinkulu zensimbi noma zensimbi ezidinga ukucutshungulwa ngokunemba ezindaweni ezihlangana. Cabanga ngendlu enkulu yempompo. I-cast ingalungi ifika emshinini nama-passages angaphakathi asevele akhiwe, kodwa ubuso obunye nobunye be-flanges, i-bearing bore, kanye nendawo yokuvala kufanele ihlotshiswe ukuze kube nokulinganiselwa okuqinile kwejometri. Ukucaba, ukuma kwesibhakabhaka, nokuma okuhlangene akuzona izinto ezingaqondakali lapha. Ziyabona ukuthi ipompo iyavuza yini, iyazamazama noma iyahluleka yini ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Izinsimbi ezinkulu zokubhola ezivundlile noma imishini yokugaya uhlobo lwebhuloho zisebenza ngalezi zingxenye. Ukuhlela ngokwako kuyikhono. I-castings esindayo kumelwe isekelwe futhi iqiniswe ngaphandle kokwenza ukuhlanekezelwa, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa izikrufu ze-jack nezinkomba zokubonisa ukuze kuhlolwe ingxenye ngaphambi kokuba kusikwe ingxenye eyodwa. Lesi sigaba sibe sesenza ukufakelwa kwezinto eziyindilinga ukuze kuboshwe ama-diameters amakhulu, ama-face mills ukuze kufananiswe indawo ye-gasket, futhi kusetshenziswe imishini ukuze kwakhiwe izimbobo eziqondile. Inani lebhizinisi licacile. Umshini ongakwazi ukugcina ukufana phakathi kwamabhorobha amabili asebenza ngaphezu kwemitha, uqinisekisa ukuthi igiya eliwusebenzisayo lisebenza buthule futhi lihlala amashumi eminyaka. Isikhathi sokuphumula esithwalweni sokukhipha izimayini noma esithwalweni sesitshalo sikagesi sibiza kakhulu kunesikhungo sokusebenza esakhe izingxenye zaso.
Amaphutha, Amaphutha Okukhishwa Kwemithombo, Nokwesekwa Kwabantu
Ngokubanzi, konke okunye kokubhala kweplastiki okukhona phakathi kwaleli ndawo, kusukela emaphethini wekhasi lemotori yakho kuze kumaphethini we-smartphone yakho, uyakwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-mold ephindwe ngokusebenzisa i-CNC. Ukwenza i-mold yoku-faka (injection mold making) kuyisibonelo esikhulu sekuthintana kwe-milling esihle. Amabhalo amabili (core and cavity blocks), abhekwa kahle kwe-tool steel esihlukile, kufanele abambisane ngokuphelele ukuze akhange kubhale umgqa wokuhlanganisa (parting line) okungafanele ukuba iplastiki efuna isikhathi esihlukile (molten plastic) ibe khona kulo. Ukufikwa kulesi simo kuyasebenzisa ukuthintana kwe-steel esihlukile (hard milling), lokhu kukuthintana kwe-steel esihlukile esithintwe kahle ngokuphelele (heat treated) kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthintana kwe-steel esingasemthwakathwakeni (soft state) bese ukuthintana kwe-steel kwenziwa ngokuphelele (heat treating) ngezinkinga zokugqamisa (distortion). Izindlela zokusebenzisa i-high speed spindles, izindlela zokuthintana ezincinci (small diameter ball nose end mills), ne-trochoidal toolpaths ziyizinto ezibalulekile kulesi simo. I-mill iyathintana ngamazwi amaningi amaningi (millions of tiny stepovers), iyashika indlela yokuthintana (cusp height) engeyona mthwakatha (so small) ukuthi ukupholisa ngokushesha (hand polishing) kungahleli kuncipheka kakhulu noma kungahleli kucishwa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuyisibonelo sokuthintana esihle (competitive advantage) esikhuluma ngokuphelele i-mold shops. Izindlela zokuthintana zokufana ziyasebenza kwe-die casting dies zezinto zokusebenza kwe-aluminum ne-zinc. I-hot work tool steels esisebenzisa kulesi simo ziyafana nokuthintana kwe-steel esihlukile (equally unforgiving). Umkhombo wamthintana (mold maker) wamsho ukuthi isibonelo esikhulu sokuthintana kwe-milling machine akuyi ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi esikhulu sokuthintana kwe-roughing, kodwa yisiphi isikhathi esikhulu sokuthintana kwe-finishing kwe-vertical wall esihlukile (steep vertical wall in hardened steel) ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubhala izinkinga zokuthintana (witness marks). Lezi zinkinga ziyagqamisa isikhathi esikhulu sokupholisa ngokushesha (expensive bench polishing time), futhi ukupholisa kuthintana ngokungafanele (removes material unevenly), kuyagqamisa ukulinganisa kwe-geometric accuracy okuthintwe ngokuphelele ngokuthintana.
Indlela Yokuvumela
Ukuhlola lezi zicelo ezihluke kakhulu kwembula into efanayo. Umshini wokugaya we-CNC awuyona nje into esetshenziswayo. Yipulatifomu evumela ukuthi ukuphepha kwezindiza, imiphumela yokuhlinzwa, isikhathi sokusebenza kwezimboni, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wabathengi kwenzeke ngokomzimba. Ikhono lomshini lokugcina izinga lokulinganisela phakathi kokuguquguquka kwamazinga okushisa, lokunciphisa ukudlidliza okubangela ukuhleba, nokwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwama-axis amaningi ngendlela elula kunquma impumelelo yokugcina yengxenye. Yilapho umenzi womshini eba obaluleke kakhulu khona. Umakhi onjengoHXCG uyawuqonda lo mthwalo wemfanelo ngoba isisekelo sawo siqu sisemshinini onamandla wokucubungula izinto. Bayazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho i-spindle bearings ingaphansi kokulayishwa noma lapho indlela yokuqondisa ihamba, ngoba baye baba ohlangothini lomsebenzisi lwalokho kulinganiswa. Lolu lwazi oluhlanganisiwe lwezidingo zangempela zokukhiqiza lubumba indlela abaklama ngayo amapulatifomu abo okugaya. Lapho i-HXCG iklama futhi ihlanganisa umshini, ayiqageli ukuthi yini edingwa isitolo sezindiza noma isikhunta. Aye aphila ngokuvumelana nalezo zimfuneko. Lelo fa eliwusizo lihumusha libe imishini yokugaya efika ngobuqotho obuyisisekelo, ubuqotho obungokomshini obungazizwa lapho ucindezela inkinobho yokuqalisa umjikelezo futhi ulalele ukusika.
